Annotated Bibliography
A bibliography on Islam and science cannot be complete without the inclusion of a number of works indirectly dealing with science and religion issues in a broader context. Likewise, certain other themes, such as the colonization of the Muslim world and the subsequent implantation of western scientific institutions cannot be neglected in any account of the emergence of the contemporary Islam and science nexus. Similarly, this nexus is deeply influenced by the question of modernity, education, history of modern science, transmission of the Islamic scientific tradition to the West, Muslim encounter with the West and many other related areas; hence the need to include at least some references to works which focus on these issues. However, the inclusion of all secondary resources would make the bibliography unmanageable. Hence a compromise has to be made in terms of the extent of inclusion of these resources. The following bibliography is limited to the works which are more closely linked to the developments in the Islam and science discourse.
`Abduh, Muhammad and Rida, Rashid (1927), Tafsir Manar (repr. 1954-61) as Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Hakim al-Mustahir bi Tafsir al-Manar, 12 vols. Cairo.
Commentary on the Qur’an, contains many “scientific explanations” of the verses.
Abu-Lughod, Ibrahim (1963), Arab Rediscovery of Europe, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Contains some helpful information about the impact of European science on the Muslim world.
Abdul Mabud, Shaikh (1991), Theory of Evolution: An Assessment from the Islamic Point of View, The Islamic Academy, Cambridge and The Islamic Academy of Science, Kuala Lumpur.
By far the most detailed scientific treatment of the theory of evolution from an Islamic point of view.
Açıkgenç, Alparslan (1993), Being and Existence in Sadra and Heidegger, International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization, Kuala Lumpur.
A work on comparative ontology in three parts. Discusses terms used by Sadra to explain some of his major concepts.
Açıkgenç, Alparslan (1996), Islamic Science: Towards a Definition, International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization, Kuala Lumpur.
A theoretical attempt at defining the concept of Islamic science, the work tries to establish the definition by first defining the concept of “Islamic” and then expanding it to “Islamic worldview” and finally to Islamic science.
Afnan, Soheil (1964), Philosophical Terminology in Arabic and Persian, E. J. Brill, Leiden.
A good source of definitions.
Ahmed, Akbar S. and Donnan, Hastings (eds., 1994), Islam, Globalization and Postmodernity, Routledge, London.
al-Afghani, Jamal ad-din, tr. by A. M. Goichon (1942), as Réfutation des Matérialistes, Paul Geuthner, Paris.
French version of Afhani’s Refutation, along with a biographical essay.
al-Andalusi, Ça`id, Tabaqat al-’Umam, tr. by Sema`an I. Salem and Alok Kumar (1991) as Science in the Medieval World, Book of the Categories of Nations, University of Texas Press, Austin.
al-Attas, Syed Muhammad Naquib (1991), The Concept of Education in Islam, International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization, Kuala Lumpur.
A framework for an Islamic philosophy of education. A book of definitions related to essential elements in the concept of education and educational process as envisaged in Islam.
al-Attas, Syed Muhammad Naquib (1993), Islam and Secularism, International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization, Kuala Lumpur.
Five chapters: The contemporary Western Christian Background; Secular-Secularization-Secularism; Islam: The Concept of Religion and the Foundation of Ethics and Morality; The Muslim Dilemma; and The Dewesternization of Knowledge.
al-Barr, Muhammad `Ali (1986), Khalq al-Insan bayn al-Tibb wa al-Qurban (The Creation of Human Being in Medicine and the Qurban), al-Dar al-Sacudiyyah, Jeddah.
A scientific exegesis of the Qur’an.
al-Biruni, Abu Rayhan, Kitab al-Jamahir fi Ma`rifat al-Jawahir, tr. by Hakim Mohammad Said (1989), as The Most Comprehensive Book on the Knowledge of Precious Stones, Pakistan Hijrah Council, Islamabad.
A comprehensive book by one of the most important Muslim scientists, al-Biruni; it integrates his life long scientific learning about precious stones with his religious beliefs.
al-Biruni, Abu Rayhan (ed. 1937) by A. Zeki Validi Togan as Beruni’s Picture of the World, Archeological Survey of India, Delhi.
al-Dhahabi,
Muhammad Husayn (1985), al-tafsir wa’l-Mufassirun, 2 vols., 4th
ed., Maktaba al-Wahbiya, reprn. (n.d.) in 3 vols. Dar al-arqam, Beirut.
A good source for the Qur’anic exegesis and exegetes.
al-Farabi, Abu Nasr, Mabadi’ ara’ ahl al-madina al-fadila, tr. by Richard Walzer (1985), as al-Farabi on The Perfect State, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Translation of Farabi’s Mabadi’ ara’ahl al-Madina al-Fadila,revised text with introduction, commentary and notes. Contains the original Arabic.
al-Farabi, Ihsa’ al-`Ulum, ed. by `Uthman Amin (1947), Dar al-Fikr al-`Arabi, Cairo.
al-Farabi, Abu Nasr, tr. by Muhsin Mahdi (1962), as Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle, The Free Press of Glencoe, New York.
Translation and introduction to Farabi’s work. Contains translation of The Attainment of Happiness; The Philosophy of Plato; The Philsophy of Aristotle. Notes.
al-Faruqi, Isma`il, R. (1982), Islamization of Knowledge: General Principles and Work Plan, International Institute of Islamic Thought, Washington DC.
The main concept behind the establishment of the International Institute of Islamic Thought. Outline of the plan of work for Islamization of knowledge.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad (repr. 1417/1996), Ihya’ `Ulum al-Din, 5 vols., Maktaba al-`asriyya, Beirut.
This major work of Islamic scholarship, written toward the end of al-Ghazali’s life (d. 1111), is divided into forty books. Many books have been translated into English.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad, Ihya’ `Ulum al-Din, tr. by Fazlul Karim (1993), as Revival of Religious Learnings, 4 vols. in 2, Darul Ishaat, Karachi.
A poor translation of al-Ghazali’s magnus opus.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad, Ihya’ `Ulum al-Din, selections, tr. by Edwin Elliot Calverley (1977), as The Mysteries of Worship in Islam, Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, Lahore.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad, Ihya’ `Ulum al-Din, Book XXXV, Kitab al-tawhid wa’l-tawakkul, tr. by David B. Burrell (2001), as Faith in Divine Unity & Trust in Divine Providence, Fons Vitae, Louisville, KY.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad, Ihya’ `Ulum al-Din, Book XL, Kitab dhikr al-mawt wa-ma ba`dahu, tr. by T. J. Winter (1995), as The Remembrance of Death and the Afterlife, Islamic Texts Society, Cambridge.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad, al-Iqtisad fi’l-`itiqad, tr. by Abdur-Rahman Abu Zayd (1970), as al-Ghazzali on Divine Predicates and their Properties, Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, Lahore.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad, Kitab Jawahir al-Qur’an, tr. by Muhammad Abdul Quasem (1983), as The Jewels of the Qur’an, Kegan Paul International, London.
Contains many ideas about the relationship between the Qur’an and science with examples drawn from the world of nature.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad, al-Msad al-asna fi Sharh asma’ Allah al-husna, tr. by David B. Burrell and Nazih Daher (1992), Islamic Texts Society, Cambridge.
al-Ghazali,
Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad
(repr. 1411/1991), al-Munqidh min
al-Dalal, Mu’assatul Kutab al-Thaqafiyya, Beirut.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad, al-Munqidh min al-Dalal, tr. by Richard Joseph McCarthy (1980), as Deliverance From Error and other Relevant Works of al-Ghazali, Twayne Publishers, Boston.
A penetrating reflection on his own spiritual crisis by al-Ghazali, a very good translation.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad, Mishkat al-anwar, tr. by W. H. T. Gardiner (1952), The Niche for Lights, Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, Lahore.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad (reprn. n.d.), Makashfa tul-Qalub, Dar al-Qalam, Beirut.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad, Makashfatul Qalub, Urdu tr. by Mawlana Qari Muhammad `ataullah (1399/1978), Makataba Islamiyat, Lahore.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad, Rasa’il Imam Ghazali, a collection of fifteen works of al-Ghazali, translated into Urdu by various translators and repr. (1990), Dar al-Isha`at, Karachi.
A good collection of major works of al-Ghazali, translated into high Urdu.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad, Kimiya-e Sa`adat, Urdu tr. by Muhammad Sa`id al-Rahman `alwi (n.d.), Maktaba Rahmaniyya, Lahore.
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad, Tahafut al-Falasifah, A Parallel English-Arabic Text, tr. by Michael E. Marmura (2000) as The Incoherence of the Philosophers, Brigham Young University Press, Provo, Utah.
A major work work by al-Ghazali deals with the concepts of beginning of the cosmos in philosophical terms.
al-Ghazali, Muhammad (2001), The Socio-political Thought of Shah Wali Allah, International Institute of Islamic Thought and Islamic Research Institute, Islamabad.
A precise summary of Shah Wali Allah’s thought.
al-Harawi, Husain (1942), al-Nazariyyat al-cilmiyya fibl-Qurban (Scientific Theories in the Qurban), n.p., Cairo.
Abu’l Qasim Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Iraqi, Kitab al-`ilm al-maktasab fi zira`at adh-dhahab, tr. by E. J. Holmyard (1923) as Book of Knowledge Acquired Concerning the Cultivation of Gold, n.p., Paris.
al-Iskandarani, Muhammad b. Ahmad (1880), Kash al-Asrar `an al-Nuraniyya al-Qurbaniyya fi-ma yata `allaqu bi al-Ajram as-Samawiyya wa al-Ardiyya wa al-Hayawanat wa al-Nabat wa al-Jawahir al-Macadaniyya (The unveiling of the luminous secrets of the Qurban in which are discussed celestial bodies, the earth, animals, plants and minerals), 3 vols. n.p., Cairo.
al-Iskandarani, Muhammad b. Ahmad (1883), Tibyan al-Asrar al-Rabbaniyya fibl-Nabat wabl Macadin wabl-Khawass al-Hawywaniyyah, n.p., Damascus.
Scientific explanations of signs of God in the vegetable, mineral and animal kingdoms.
al-Kashi, Jamshid ibn Mas`ud ibn Mahmud Ghiyath al-Din (or Kashani), Nuzhat al-Hada’iq, tr. from a Persian version by E. S. Kennedy (1960), as The Planetary Equatorium, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Contains a first hand account of scientific activity in Samaqand during Ulug Beg’s times. Original Persian text of al-Kashi’s work, with translation, commentary and notes.
al-Khatib, Musa (1994), Min Dala’il al-I‘jaz al-`Ilmi fi’l-Qur’an wa’l-Sunna al-Nabawiyya, Mu’assasat al-Khalij al-`Arabi li’l-Tiba`a wa’l-Nashr, Cairo.
A work on the so-called scientific miracles of the Qur’an.
al-Khuli, Amin (1944), al-tafsir: ma`alim hayati-minhaju al-yawm, n.p. Cairo.
Scientific exegesis of the Qur’an.
al-Khuli, Amin (1961), Manahij tajdid fi’l-nahw wa’l-balagha wa’l-tafsir wa’l-adab, Dar al-Ma`rifa, Cairo.
al-Khwarazmi, Abu Ja`far Muhammad bin Musa, Kitab al-Mukhtasir fi’l Hisab al-Jabr wa’l Muqabala, tr. by Frederic Rosen (1989), as Algebra, Pakistan Hijrah Council, Islamabad.
Original Arabic with translation. A major work of al-Khwarazmi, contains no discussion between mathematics and Islam.
al-Mujahid, Sharif (1954), Sayyid Jamal al-Din al-Afghani: His Role in the Nineteenth Century Muslim Awakening, Master’s Thesis, McGill University, Montreal.
One of the first modern works on Afghani.
al-Sayyuti, Jalal uddin (repr. 1967), al-Itqan fi `ulum al-Qur’an, 2 vols., Matb`a Amir, Cairo, 1967.
A fundamental text on the sciences of the Qur’an.
al-Sharastani, Abi al-Fath `Abd
al-Karim, Kitab al-milal wa’l-nihal, repr. (1964), Maktaba al-Mathna, Baghdad.
al-Sharqawi, Muhammad `Iffat (1972), Ittijahat al-tafsi fi’l-Misr al-`asr al-hadith, Matba`at al-Kilani, Cairo.
Aquinas, Thomas, De Unitate Intellectus Contra Averroistas, tr. by Beatrice H. Zedler (1968), as On the Unity of The Intellect Against the Averroists, Marquette University Press, Milwaukee.
English translation of Aquinas’ Latin work with an introduction.
Arberry, A. J. (1964), Aspects of Islamic Civilization, A. S. Barnes and Co. Inc., New York.
Atiyyah, Hasan Hamid (1992), Khalaqa s-samawati wabl-arda fi sittati ayyamin fibl-cilmi wabl-Qurban (Creation of the Heavens and the Earth in Six Days in Science and in the Qurban), Nashr wa-Tawzic Mubassasat cAbd al-Karim b. cAbdallah, Tunis.
Avicenna, Danesh-name ilahi, tr. by Farhang Zabeeh (1971), as Avicenna’s Treatise on Logic, Marinus Nijhoff, The Hague.
Azmi, Mohammad Mustafa (1978), Studies in Early Hadith Literature, American Trust Publications, Indianapolis.
A major text which refutes orientalists claims about the Hadith literature.
Azmi, Muhammad Mustafa (1985) On Schacht’s Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence, King Saud University, Riyad and John Wiley, Chichester.
Azmi’s second major work refuting orientalism.
Baber, Zaheer (1996), The Science of Empire, State University of New York Press, Albany.
One of the first comprehensive accounts of the implantation of Western scientific institutions in the colonized subcontinent. Contains references to many primary sources.
Bacon, Francis, ed. by John M. Robertson (1905), The Philosophical Works of Francis Bacon, Routledge and Sons Ltd., London.
Bacon, Francis, ed. by Sidney Warhaft (1965), Francis Bacon, A Selection of His Works, Macmillan, Toronto.
Badawi, Zaki, M. A. (1976, 1978), The Reformers of Egypt: A Critique of al-Afghani, Abduh and Ridha, Croom Helm, London.
A pioneering work on Jamal al-Din Afghani, Muhammad `Abduh and Muhammad Rashid Ridha. Deals with their lives, works and times.
Bakar, Osman (1991), Tawhid and Science: Essays on the History and Philosophy of Islamic Science, Secretariat for Islamic Philosophy and Science, Kuala Lumpur.
Bakar, Osman (1992), Classification of Knowledge in Islam, Institute for Policy Research, Kuala Lumpur.
Baljon, J. M. S. (1961), Modern Muslim Koran Interpretation (1880-1960), E. J. Brill, Leiden.
An orientalist’s account of the modern Qur’anic exegesis.
Barbour, Ian (1990), Religion in an Age of Science: The Gifford Lectures, vol. 1, Harper, San Francisco.
Barbour, Ian (1993), Ethics in an Age of Technology: The Gifford Lectures, vol. 2, Harper, San Francisco.
Barbour, Ian (1996), Issues in Science and Religion, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
Barbour, Ian (1997), Religion and Science: Historical and Contemporary Issues, HarperCollins, San Francisco.
Barq, Ghulam Jilani (n.d.), Do Qur’an (Two Qur’ans), Shaykh Ghulam Ali, Lahore.
An Urdu work, dealing with the scientific verses of the Qur’an.
Behe, Michael, J. (1996), Darwin’s Black Box, Simon & Schuster, New York.
Böwering, Gerhard (1980), The Mystical Vision of Existence in Classical Islam, Walter De Gruyter, Berlin.
Brockelmann, Carl (1898, repr. 1996), Geschichte der Arabischen Litteratur, A New Edition, with a Preface by Jan Just Witkam, E. J. Brill, Leiden.
One of the two major modern catalogues of manuscripts and other works of Islamic tradition; the other being by Sezgin (see Sezgin).
Bucaille, Maurice (1976), La Bible, le Coran et la science: les Écritures
saintes examinées à la lumière des connaissances modernes, Seghers, Paris.
Bucaille, Maurice and Pannell, Alastair D. (tr., 1978), The Bible, the Qur’an and Science. North American Trust Publications, Indianapolis.
Perhaps the most popular account of the scientific verses of the Qur’an. Contains some inaccuracies.
Burchardt, Titus (1987), Mirror of the Intellect: Essays on Traditional Science and Sacred Art, Quinta Essentia, Cambridge.
Burchardt, Titus (1995), Alchemy, Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul, Quinta Essentia, Cambridge.
A mystical interpretation of the science of alchemy.
Burchardt, Titus (1999), Moorish Culture in Spain, tr. by Alisa Jaffa and William Stoddart, Fons Vitae, Louisville.
A penetrating study of Islamic culture in Spain.
Ceylan, Yasin, (1996), Theology and Tafsir in the Major Works of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization, Kuala Lumpur.
Chittick, William (1989), The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn al-Arabi’s Metaphysics of Imagination, State University of New York Press, Albany.
A groundbreaking work on Ibn al-Arabi.
Chittick, William (1998), The Self-Disclosure of God: Principles of Ibn al-`Arabi’s Cosmology, State University of New York Press, Albany.
Contains a large number of translated passages from Ibn al-Arabi’s work.
Corbin, Henry (1977), Spiritual Body and Celestial Earth, ed. and tr. by Nancy Pearson, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Two parts. Part two contains selctions from traditional texts with translations.
Corbin, Henry (1969, 1997), Alone with the Alone: Creative Imagination in the Sufism of Ibn `Arabi, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Cook, M.A. (ed., 1970), Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East, Oxford University Press, London.
Corey, M. A. (1993), God and the New Cosmology: The Anthropic Design Argument, Powman and Lettlefield, Lanham.
Corlett, William and Moore, John (1980), The Islamic Space, Bradbury Press, Scarsdale, N. Y.
Craig, William Lane (1979), The Kalam Cosmological Argument, Macmillan Press Ltd., London.
Part I: al-kindi, Saadia and al-Ghazali; Part II: A modern defence of the Kalam cosmological argument; contains two appendices: The Kalam cosmological argument and Zeno’s paradoxes and the Kalam cosmological argument and the thesis of Kant’s first antinomy.
Craig, William Lane (1980), The Cosmological Argument from Plato to Leibniz, Macmillan Press Ltd., London.
Craig, William Lane and Smith, Quentin (1993), Theism, Atheism, and Big Bang Cosmology, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Crombie, A. C. (1995), The History of Science: From Augustine to
Galileo, Dover Publications,
Dahiyat, Ismail M. (1974), Avicenna’s Commentary on the Poetics of Aristotle, E. J. Brill, Leiden.
A critical study with an annotated translation of the text.
Davidson, Herbert A. (1987), Proofs for Eternity, Creation and the Existence of God in Medieval Islamic and Jewish Philosophy, Oxford University Press, New York.
Davidson, Herbert A. (1992), Alfarabi, Avicenna, and Averroes on Intellect, Oxford University Press, New York.
Eight chapters: Greek and Arabic Amtecedents; Alfarabi on Emanation, the Active Intellect, and Human Intellect; Avicenna on Emanation, the Active Intellect, and Human Intellect; Reverberations of the Theories of Alfarabi and Avicenna; Averroes on Emanation and on the Active Intellect as a Cause of Existence; Averroes on the Material Intellect; Averroes on the Active Intellect as the Cause of Human Thought.
Daww, Muhammad Kamil (1955), Al-Qur’an al-Karim wa’l-`Ulum al-Haditha (The Noble Qur’an and the Modern Sciences), Dar al-Fikr al-Hadith, Cairo.
Dictionary of Scientific Biography (1970-80), 16 vols., Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York.
A major reference work, contains bio/bibliographical information on many Muslim scientists.
Dhanani, Alnoor, (1994), The Physical Theory of Kalam Atoms, Space, and Void in Basrian Mu`tazili Cosmology, E. J. Brill, Leiden.
Contains many references to primary sources. Discusses major issues in kalam.
Duhem, Pierre (1913–1959), Le Système du Monde, 10 vols. Hermann, Paris.
Eaton, Charles Le Gai (1985), Islam and the Destiny of Man, G. Allen and Unwin, London.
Eaton, Charles Le Gai (1990), King of the Castle, Islamic Text Society, Cambridge.
Eaton, Charles Le Gai (2000), Remembering God: Reflections on Islam, Kazi Publications, Chicago.
The chapter “Earth’s Complaint” contains Islamic concept of environment.
The Enclopaedia of Islam (1986—), new edn. 10 vols., E. J. Brill, Leiden.
A work in progress. Major orientalists have written for the EI, many older articles are inaccurate.
El-Naggar, Z. R. (1991), Sources of
Scientific Knowledge: The Geological Concept of Mountains in the Qurban,
Association of Muslim Scientists and Engineers and International Institute of Islamic
Thought,
Enayat, Hamid (1982), Modern Islamic Political Thought, University of Texas Press, Austin.
Fakhry, Majid (1970 and 1983), A History of Islamic Philosophy, Columbia University Press.
Ferber, Stanley (ed., 1975), Islam and the Medieval West, State University of New York, Binghamton.
Five essays on various aspects of Islam and the Medieval West, originally written to serve as an introduction to the exhibition held at the State University of New York Art Gallery. Essays include: Richard Ettinghausen, “Muslim Decorative Arts and Painting—Their Nature and Impact on the Medieval West; Rudolf Schnyder, “Islamic Ceramics: A Source of Inspiration for Medieval European Art”; James D. Breckenridge, “The Two Sicilies”; Oleg Grabar, “Islamic Architecture and the West—Influences and Parallels; and Stanley Ferber, “Islamic Art and the Medieval West—The State of the Question.
Frank, Richard M. (1966), The Metaphysics of Created Being According to Abu’l Hudhayl al-’Allaf, Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologish Institute in Het Nabije Oosten, Istanbul.
Gibb, H. A. R. (1947), Modern Trends in Islam, Chicago University Press, Chicago.
Gibb, H. A. R. and Bowen, Harold (eds., 1957), Islamic Society and the West: A Study of the Impact of Western Civilization on Moslem Culture in the Near East, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Gohlman, William, E. (1974), The Life of Ibn Sina: A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation, State University of New York Press, Albany.
Goldstein, Bernard R. (1971), al-Bitruji: On the Principles of Astronomy, New Haven and London.
Goldstein, Bernard R. (1985), Theory and Observation in Ancient and Medieval Astronomy, Variorum Reprints, London.
Goldziher, Ignaz (1915), “Stellung der alten islamischen Orthodoxie zu den antiken Wissenschaften,” Abhandl. Der Preuss. Akad. D. Wiss. (Philos.-hist. Kl.) Vol. 8, pp. 3-46.
English translation as “The Attitude of Orthodox Islam Toward the ‘Ancient Sciences’” in Swartz, Merlin L. (ed., 1981), Studies on Islam, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 185-215, one of most influential articles by a leading orientalist that set the pace for many subsequent studies which define science as a foreign entity in Islamic polity that was somehow tolerated for a while and then uprooted.
Goradia, Nayana (1993), Lord Curzon: The Last of the British Moghuls, Oxford University Press, Delhi.
A good source for material on Curzon’s rule over India.
Grant, Edward (1966), The Foundations of Modern Science in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Greaves, Richard, L. (1969), The Puritan Revolution and Educational Thought, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick.
Guenon, René (1941), East and West, tr. by Lord Northbourne, Luzac and Co., London.
Guenon, René (1942), The Crisis of the Modern World, tr. by Arthur Osbourne, Luzac and Co., London.
Guenon’s major work on contemporary spiritual crisis.
Guenon, René, (1953), The Reign of Quantity and the Signs of the Times, tr. by Lord Northbourne, Luzac and Co., London.
Contains some fundamental ideas about the reign of quantity in the contemporary civilization.
Gutas, Dimitri (1998), Greek Thought, Arabic Culture, Routledge, London and New York.
A perceptive study of the translation movement by one of the most careful scholars in the field. A good combination of synthesis, insights and understanding based on primary sources.
Hafez, Kai (ed., 2000), tr. by Kenny, Mary Ann, The Islamic World and the West, Brill, Leiden.
A study of Islamic modernity in two parts. Part I: Articles by Reinhard Schulze, Gudrun Kramer, Heiner Bielefeldt, Irmgard Pinn, Thomas Scheffler, Volker Nienhaus; Part II: Articles by Annette Junemann, Andreas Rieck, Sonja Hegasy, Erhard Franz, Catherine Samary, Alexander Flores, Henner Furtig, Rainer Freitag-Wirminghaus and Munir D. Ahmed.
Hahn, Lewis Edwin; Auxier, Randalle E.; and Stone, Lucian E. Jr. (2001), The Philosophy of Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Open Court, Chicago.
A major work dealing with all aspects of Nasr’s thought, contains a section on his ideas about Islam and science.
Hall, Rupert, A. (1983), The Revolution in Science 1500–1750, Longman, London.
Hamidullah, Muhammad (1988), The Prophet’s Establishing a State and His Succession, Pakistan Hijra Council, Islamabad.
References to some early sources, history of the first constitution in Islam.
Hammond, Robert (1947), The Philosophy of Alfarabi and Its Influence on Medieval Thought, Hobson Book Press, New York.
A very brief introduction to the philosophy of Al-Farabi; an older text (1946) with some good quotations.
Hanna, Faith, (1979), The Story of the American University of Beirut, Alphabet Press, Boston.
Haq, Syed Nomanul (1994), Names, Nature and Things, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London.
A major work on Jabir Ibn Hayyan. Originally a Ph.D. thesis, expanded and revised. Contains many references to primary sources.
Hartmann, Martin (1899), The Arabic Press in Egypt, London.
Hartner, W. (1975), “The Islamic Astronomical Background to Nicholas Copernicus” Ossolineum, Colloquia Copernica III, Nadbitka, 7-16.
Haskins, Charles Homer (1924),